Visible Body Release Notes (08/16/10) ===================================== **Please note that there is intersecting geometry between some of the spinal nerves and the vertebral column. This is currently being addressed.** Now runs on Chrome 5.0+. Changes listed by body system: Skeletal ********************* Rebuilt for performance: Femur Scapula Ribs Vertebral column Bones of the foot Added structures: Ethmoid bone now has: crista gali, cribriform plate, and the ethmoid sinuses/aircells Maxilla now has: Hard palate, soft palate, maxillary sinuses/aircells Sphenoid now has sphenoid sinuses/aircells Frontal bone now has frontal sinuses/aircells Ligaments: Ankle Shoulder Knee Various ligaments of the digestive system Geometry re-built for accuracy: Vertebral column (still a known issue with thoracic nerves) Rib cage Clavicles Digestive ********************* Entire upper digestive system re-tooled. New structures include: Gingiva Lips Tonsils Hard and soft palate added Salivary glands (and associated ducts) Sublingual Submandibular Parotid False vocal folds (cords) included True vocal folds (cords) included Additional detail added to the esophagus Additional layers of the stomach are now depicted (serosa and mucosa). New pancreas with cross section showing location of: Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct Hepatic duct Common bile duct Where the accessory and primary (Duodenal papilla of Vader) pancreatic ducts join the small intestine Falciform ligament and ligamentum teres have been recreated to be more accurate. Ligaments of the Liver created Curvature of duodenum was adjusted to better illustrate the three divisions. Sectional anatomy of duodenum taken to show: Plicae circulares Location of duodenal papilla (of Vader) Splenic flexure of the large intestine was moved superiorly The location and path of the sigmoid colon adjusted The location, path and lumen of the rectum adjusted Internal and external anal sphincters were added Greater omentum has been added Lesser omentum has been added Ligament of Treitz added Entire small intestine was rebuilt to reduce the poly count Surgical sections of the Liver are now accessible Circulatory ********************* Missing branch of the pulmonary circulation has been included Internal Carotid Artery is now selectable by region Pulmonary vessels passing through the lungs have been adjusted Entire Hepatic Portal system rebuilt to match the distribution of the circulatory system to the surgical segments Circle of Willis rebuilt Ovarian artery and vein are now more accurate Muscular ********************* Outer layer of fascia for abdominal wall was created Digastric corrected with respect to the mylohyoid New internal intercostals created New external intercostals created Reproductive ********************* Fimbriae are now selectable Additional names for Fallopian Tubes now included Nervous ********************* Sections of the brain that were causing some confusion with the normals have now been shelled so they can be viewed from any direction Names have been updated and modified to include aditional variations Phrenic nerve is now present Respiratory ********************* Lobes of the lung are now named properly Bronchioles are fully contained in the lungs Upcoming changes: ********************* Surgical anatomy of the liver Regional anatomy of the stomach Regional anatomy of the uterus Foramina of the skull will be selectable Path of the thoracic nerves will be adjusted More structures will be available in multiple systems (e.g. pancreas, pituitary) Male anatomy Visible Body Release Notes (12/11/08) ===================================== Corrections/Updates include: Pulmonary vessels have been added to the Visible Body. The pancreatic duct has been repositioned and had its color updated. The passage of blood flow can now be better visualized as the connections between the left atria and left ventricle has now been fully established to allow full visualization of the relationship of the mitral valve to these chambers. This involved creating holes in the atrium and the ventricle. Passage of structures through the hilum of the lung has been improved. Fixed the insertion of the tendon of the extensor indicis. Minor updates were made to the muscles of the arm, including the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, and extensor pollicis longus. The left sacrotuberous ligament has been fixed (normals were flipped). Corrected spelling of "gemellus" (was "gemmelus") and "sagittal" (was "saggital") Added "posterior" to the labels of the auricular artiers in the head and neck. Note: The digastric muscle should be superficial to the mylohyoid; this change will be made in a future release. Also, the ascending pharyngeal artery will be included in a future release. Visible Body Release Notes (11/14/08) ===================================== Corrections/Updates include: Now runs on Windows or Mac on Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari. All structures have been worked on in order to find the best balance between system performance and the structure's representation; however, due to the optimization process some structures will intersect each other. Naming convention has been altered slightly to be more consistent across all body systems All objects are now in alphabetical order Names of groups have been standardized across body systems (e.g. limbs) Additional naming detail added to parts of the nervous system Additional alternate names and details have been added to some geometry (e.g. triceps surae) All objects with numerals under 10 are preceded with a 0 so that they appear in numerical order. Umbilicus has been relocated to the level of L03-L04 T11 artery has been included in the intercostals to match the convention established in the venous system T11 artery and vein have been shortened until the anastomoses with the vessels of the abdominal wall can be added Subcostal (T12) artery and vein have been shortened until the anastomoses with the vessels of the abdominal wall can be added Relative locations of the intercostal nerves to the ribcage, internal thoracic (mammary) artery/vein, and musculophrenic artery/vein, etc. were adjusted Intercostal nerves now correspond more accurately to their respective dermatomes Intercostal nerves now have anterior and lateral cutaneous branches differentiated, allowing for easier navigation after selecting Trachea and primary bronchi are double sided Upper part of the alimentary canal is double sided Vagus nerve now lies in the groove between the esophagus and trachea Electrical conduction system of the heart has been updated to include more branches Several muscles have had smoothing groups adjusted Changes were made to the inguinal canal and the neurovascular bundle passing through Changes to the muscles of the thigh (including the origin and insertion of the sartorius, insertion of the quadriceps) Renaming of the biceps femoris long head Renaming of the biceps femoris short head Large intestine was adjusted Left lobe of the liver was adjusted so as to not intersect with the stomach Vertebral column is smoother and the lighting is more even Ribcage has been adjusted slightly *************************************************************************************** Modules are now available in Unity: Osteoporosis Knee replacement Visible Head Heart (artificial valve and infarct) *************************************************************************************** Technical Aspects The Visible Body now uses the Unity Web Player instead of Anark Client New lighting, varied specularity on objects File sizes have been optimized and total download size is slightly smaller Performance should be smooth while the systems are downloading (including keyboard controls) Navigation arrows have been swapped to be more intuitive; the body will move in the direction of the arrow that has been pressed (even if the body has been rotated) Optimized the performance of some functions, notably Hide Others and the transparent click through (t + click) Double-clicking the background now resets the camera to its initial state Double-clicking an object in Unity centers the camera on the center point of that object (not necessarily the point on the object that you clicked) Changed the appearance of the loading information; all information now in the upper right corner *************************************************************************************** **New notes Rib attachment to vertebrae is currently inaccurate Insertion of extensor indicis should be on the 2nd Distal phalanx, not the 2nd Middle phalanx Dorsal digital arteries of the hand are not yet included Deep muscles of the back are not yet created A male version is in progress Please see past release notes for the known list of missing structures and issues (some common comments are addressed below) **Also of note, re-stated from Visible Body Release Notes (06/13/08): The full lymphatic system is in the process of being created. The pulmonary vessels are well underway but did not make this release. Pleura are not currently being built at the moment, but are on the list of structures to be built Additional ligaments are in production Thanks to all of the users who have sent in comments, requests and suggestions. We read all of them and incorporate the feedback into what direction we will take the Visible Body next. Please continue to do so. *************************************************************************************** Visible Body Release Notes (06/13/08) ===================================== Updates from the Alpha release include: Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct Cross sectional anatomy of the stomach Muscle layers of the stomach Texturing of the stomach Veins and arteries of the abdominal wall were added Inferior, superficial and superior epigastric As well as the thoracoepigastric vein Hepatic veins Hepatic portal veins Ligametum venosum (Ductus venosus) An updated heart map was added. The front (sternocostal surface) of the heart now also contains the ventricles. Updates to muscles included changes to the transversus abdominis and the rectus abdominis. The arcuate line is now present (not labelled). The hierarchy in some areas of the model was also changed slightly to improve the search function. To this end, some additional names were also included for some structures. Ligaments and menisci of the knee: Anterior cruciate Posterior cruciate Menisci: medial and lateral Tibial collateral Fibular collateral Transverse genicular Many areas of intersecting geometry were improved upon or corrected. The full lymphatic system is still in the process of being created. The pulmonary vessels are well underway but did not make this release. Areas were also re-optimized in an attempt to increase loading speed; however, there are now more structures in the Visible Body and the file size is larger. Thank you to all users and those who have offered feedback. *************************************************************************************** Visible Body Release Notes (12/06/07) ===================================== The following is a list of known issues we're working on for future versions of the Visible Body: * Double-clicking objects in the results pane does not select the object. * The camera view selected when double-clicking objects is not always ideal; occasionally the view will be obscured by another object in the same system. * The keyboard functionality is not responsive while objects are downloading. * Setting Anark Client preferences in Windows Vista Home Edition causes an error with process Rundll32. * The fly keys are camera-centric, so when the body is rotated panning the camera causes some behavior that the user may not expect. * The transparent state of a handful of objects has a checkerboard appearance. As the Visible Body is constantly being updated and is a work in progress, there are structures missing. A brief overview of those structures to come include: the majority of the lymphatic system (e.g. lymph nodes, cisterna chyli, and thoracic duct); the muscular system (e.g. plantaris, popliteus, and pterygoids); circulatory system (e.g. pulmonary vessels, hepatic veins); digestive system (e.g. omentum, salivary glands, and others); nervous system (e.g. multiple ganglia, branches of vagus, sympathetic trunk); urinary system (e.g. trigone, and more granular delineation of structures). Structures that we know are missing and are in the process of being modeled by our medical animators and reviewed for accuracy by our panel of experts are in a nearly comprehensive list on another page, sorted alphabetically and subdivided by system (you can use ctrl + f to search the page with your browser). The pelvic infrapubic angle is currently too shallow and is in the process of being corrected. Forthcoming Structure List (not exhaustive): Circulatory ===================================== Hepatic veins Mediastinal branches Pulmonary vessels Digestive ===================================== Hard Palate Omentum Pancreatic duct Salivary glands: parotid Salivary glands: sublingual Salivary glands: submandibular Soft Palate Stomach: Cardia (cardiac) Stomach: Fundus (fundic) Stomach: Pylorus (pyloric) Tonsils: Palatine Tendons and Ligaments ===================================== Knee Anterior cruciate Arcuate popliteal Fibular collateral Interosseous membrane Lateral patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Menisci Oblique popliteal Posterior cruciate Tendon of quadriceps femoris Tibial collateral Elbow Annular collateral Radial collateral Ulnar collateral Shoulder (glenohumeral) Acromioclavicular Coracoacromial Coracohumeral Glenohumeral Glenoid labrum Hip Acetabular labrum Iliofemoral Ischiofemoral Lateral Ligamentum teres (ligament to head of femur) Pubofemoral Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Spine Anterior longitudinal Interspinous Ligamentum flavum Ligamentum nuchae Posterior longitudinal Supraspinous Transverse ligament of atlas Ankle Fibular retinaculum Inferior extensor retinacula Superior extensor retinacula Lymphatic ===================================== Cisterna chyli Lymph nodes Thoracic duct Muscular ===================================== Adductor hallucis Bulbospongiosus Cricothyroid Deep transverse perineal Erector spinae (sacrospinalis) External urethral sphincter Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Genioglossus Geniohyoid Iliocostalis cervicis Iliocostalis lumborum Iliocostalis thoracis Infrahyoid Interspinales Intertransversarii Ischiocavernosus Lateral cricoarytenoid Lateral pterygoid Longissimus capitis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus thoracis Medial pterygoid Multifidus Oblique arytenoid Pharyngeal Constrictors Plantar and dorsal interossei Plantaris Popliteus Posterior cricoarytenoid Quadratus lumborum Rotatores Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis thoracis Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis Styloglossus Suprahyoid Thyroarytenoid Tongue Transverse arytenoid Urogenital Diaphragm Vocalis Nervous ===================================== Cranial nerves III Oculomotor Ciliary ganglion V Trigeminal V2 Maxillary Superior alveolar VII Facial Branch to lacrimal gland Chorda tympani branch Geniculate ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion IX Glossopharyngeal Branch to parotid Branch to pharyngeal constrictors Inferior ganglion Otic ganglion Superior ganglion X Vagus Aortic body baroreceptors Laryngeal branches Liver, spleen, kidney, proximal colon, lung Pharyngeal branches Spinal nerves Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) Phrenic (C3-C5) Segmental and other muscular branches (C1-C5) Brachial Plexus Common palmar digital nerve (Median) Digital branch medial nerve Dorsal branch of ulnar Lateral pectoral Lower subscapular Medial pectoral Subscapular Upper subscapular Lumbar plexus Inferior gluteal Superior gluteal Spinal cord Cauda equina Conus medullaris Filum terminale Brain Falx cerebri Septum pellucidum Tentorium cerebelli Sympathetic trunk Reproductive ===================================== Genitalia Hymen Labium majus Gonads Fimbriae Infundibulum Round ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Uterine tubes Uterosacral ligament Uterus Anterior fornix Broad ligament Posterior fornix Urinary ===================================== Arcuate arteries Arcuate veins Cortical radiate arteries Cortical radiate veins External urethral sphincter Fibrous capsule Interlobar arteries Interlobar veins Internal urethral sphincter Major calyces Minor calyces Perirenal fat capsule Renal columns Renal fascia Renal hilum Segmental arteries Segmental veins Trigone